{"id":338,"date":"2021-08-11T16:47:09","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T16:47:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/server3.testwalking.com\/test\/atic-wp\/?page_id=338"},"modified":"2021-08-19T20:13:22","modified_gmt":"2021-08-19T20:13:22","slug":"history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/server3.testwalking.com\/test\/atic-wp\/history\/","title":{"rendered":"History"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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“To better understand a work is <\/span>recommende <\/span>n <\/span>possible <\/span>information <\/span>about <\/span>e <\/span><\/span>l author and his \/ her context <\/span><\/span>.”<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h1>

\u00a0<\/h1>

No<\/span>te <\/span>: <\/span>The text reproduced below was published as an annex <\/span>to the author’s <\/span><\/span>doctoral thesis<\/span><\/span><\/a> in 2012.<\/span><\/h1>

\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>

” <\/span>The reasons that led the author to the <\/span>construction <\/span>of the <\/span>terminology <\/span>of <\/span>interface <\/span>ATIC has been spelled out <\/span>along the different sections of this thesis; <\/span>reasons that have evolved over time, <\/span><\/span><\/span>scientific <\/span>and <\/span>disciplinary <\/span>advances <\/span><\/span>but <\/span>also <\/span>with the researcher’s own personal and professional history. <\/span>In this sense, there are different events that significantly influenced the development of this work.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

Shortly <\/span>after <\/span>that Don Joan Antoni <\/span>Samaranch <\/span>uttered the words that open this Annex, <\/span>started <\/span>to pursue university studies of then Diploma in <\/span>Nursing <\/span>at the University School of <\/span>Nursing <\/span>” <\/span>Princeps <\/span>d’Espanya <\/span><\/span>” attached to the University of Barcelona <\/span><\/span>(1987) <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Among other <\/span><\/span>magnificent <\/span><\/span>teachers, nurses, and <\/span><\/span>doctors <\/span><\/span>, who <\/span><\/span>taught <\/span><\/span>theory <\/span><\/span>classes <\/span><\/span>and guided <\/span><\/span>practical <\/span><\/span>learning <\/span><\/span>at this school, I was fortunate to learn from a <\/span><\/span>young <\/span><\/span>but experienced nurse, <\/span><\/span>Mar\u00eda <\/span><\/span>Teresa Luis Rodrigo. <\/span><\/span>I think I remember that it was towards the end of the second year that Maite suggested that I collaborate with her in a project, an initiative of the <\/span><\/span>Manresa <\/span><\/span>University School of <\/span><\/span>Nursing <\/span><\/span>, to <\/span><\/span>translate <\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>classification <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>diagnoses <\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>NANDA <\/span><\/span>Taxonomy <\/span><\/span>I. <\/span><\/span>The document, whose main author is <\/span><\/span>Mar\u00eda <\/span><\/span>Teresa Luis, entitled ” <\/span><\/span>NANDA Diagnostics <\/span><\/span>d’ <\/span><\/span>infermeria <\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>according to <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>revised <\/span><\/span>taxonomy <\/span><\/span>I-1989″, was the first <\/span><\/span>translation <\/span><\/span>in the <\/span><\/span>Spanish <\/span><\/span>state <\/span><\/span>of the North American <\/span><\/span>Nursing <\/span><\/span>Diagnosis <\/span><\/span>Association works <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

I remember doing the <\/span>translation <\/span>work <\/span><\/span>in my <\/span>room <\/span>, in our family home, with a \u201chuge\u201d computer that <\/span>one of my <\/span><\/span>uncles <\/span><\/span>(Jordi <\/span><\/span>Udina <\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span><\/span>had <\/span>given <\/span>me <\/span><\/span>, using a program called Word <\/span><\/span>Star <\/span><\/span>and with a <\/span><\/span>floppy <\/span><\/span>disk <\/span><\/span>filing system <\/span><\/span>that no longer exists. <\/span><\/span>It was my first work done <\/span><\/span>entirely <\/span><\/span>on a computer (until then the works <\/span><\/span>used to be <\/span><\/span>presented by hand or typewritten).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

At that time, already <\/span>he knew <\/span>the work of this <\/span>association <\/span>because Maite and some other teachers explained to <\/span>us in class the meaning and use of the <\/span><\/span><\/span>methodology <\/span>nurse by <\/span>application <\/span>of the process of <\/span>care <\/span>in <\/span>nursing <\/span>and because fortunately, during my childhood and adolescence my parents They insisted on the need to be fluent in <\/span>English <\/span>, which I <\/span>learned <\/span>with one of my <\/span>aunts <\/span>( <\/span>Maria <\/span>Cinta Comas) and by listening carefully and interpreting the songs of Frank Sinatra, Ella <\/span>Fitzerald <\/span>, <\/span>Billie <\/span>Holiday <\/span><\/span>or Tina Turner. <\/span><\/span>All of this <\/span><\/span>allowed <\/span><\/span>me to <\/span><\/span>locate and consult some <\/span><\/span>British <\/span><\/span>and American <\/span><\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>books during university studies <\/span><\/span>, such as Nancy <\/span><\/span>Holloway’s <\/span><\/span>works on standardized care plans <\/span><\/span>, which already <\/span><\/span>contained <\/span><\/span>NANDA <\/span><\/span>diagnoses <\/span><\/span>and differentiated them from interdependent problems.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

For several <\/span>years <\/span>working and as a <\/span>staff nurse, I was a <\/span>member (partner) of NANDA, study in depth the content of <\/span><\/span><\/span>diagnostic <\/span>, aspects related to its <\/span>application <\/span>within the framework of the process of <\/span>care <\/span>in <\/span>nursing <\/span>and <\/span>attended <\/span>to <\/span>multiple <\/span>courses organized by the <\/span>Spanish <\/span><\/span>Association <\/span>of <\/span><\/span>Teaching <\/span><\/span>Nursing <\/span><\/span>(AEED) and taught in Barcelona and Madrid by important scholars such as Rosalinda Alfaro or Linda <\/span><\/span>Juall <\/span><\/span>Carpenito <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

At that time I was working as a nurse in <\/span>clinical <\/span><\/span>hematology <\/span>at the Duran i <\/span><\/span>Reynals <\/span><\/span>Hospital <\/span><\/span>that <\/span><\/span>depended <\/span><\/span>on the <\/span><\/span>Ciutat <\/span><\/span>Sanitaria i <\/span><\/span>Univeristaria <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>Bellvitge <\/span><\/span>and in 1992, I had the opportunity to train for a few months at the Royal <\/span><\/span>Marsden <\/span><\/span>Hospital in Sutton (Surrey, UK) to expand my knowledge about the <\/span><\/span>provision <\/span><\/span>of care to patients who needed a transplant of <\/span><\/span>marrow <\/span><\/span>marrow <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Direct contact with reality and the weight of the history of <\/span><\/span>English <\/span><\/span>Nursing <\/span><\/span>impressed me pleasantly. <\/span><\/span>I was impressed not only by the professionalism of the nurses and their discipline, but above all by their outstanding role in the community, the real social recognition they <\/span><\/span>had <\/span><\/span>and the responsibility with which they wielded their power. <\/span><\/span>It was <\/span><\/span>there <\/span><\/span>that she <\/span><\/span>fully <\/span><\/span>understood <\/span><\/span>the influence of Florence <\/span><\/span>Nightingale <\/span><\/span>on the <\/span><\/span>scientific <\/span><\/span>and professional development of <\/span><\/span>Nursing <\/span><\/span>in <\/span><\/span>Anglo <\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>Saxon <\/span><\/span>countries <\/span><\/span>and the difference that <\/span><\/span>this <\/span><\/span>marked in the <\/span><\/span>social <\/span><\/span>conception <\/span><\/span>of our discipline, <\/span><\/span>as <\/span><\/span>well <\/span><\/span>as the divergence, in the form and the content, of the <\/span><\/span>nursing competence <\/span><\/span>areas <\/span><\/span>for the <\/span><\/span>provision <\/span><\/span>of latent care in our <\/span><\/span>country <\/span><\/span>, in whose history forty <\/span><\/span>years <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>dictatorial <\/span><\/span>regime <\/span><\/span>weighed <\/span><\/span>, a strong <\/span><\/span>Catholic <\/span><\/span>and military <\/span><\/span>tradition <\/span><\/span>that permeated the way of learning and practicing health disciplines and the weight of too many <\/span><\/span>years <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>training <\/span><\/span>programs <\/span><\/span>as <\/span><\/span>Sanitary <\/span><\/span>Technical <\/span><\/span>Assistants <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>More <\/span><\/span>than twenty <\/span><\/span>years <\/span><\/span>later <\/span><\/span>I believe that the distance has not been reduced as I expected.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

In the \u201c <\/span>Marsden <\/span>\u201d I <\/span>subscribed <\/span>to several <\/span>North American <\/span><\/span>oncology <\/span><\/span><\/span>nursing <\/span>magazines <\/span><\/span>, I loaded my bags back home with countless books on <\/span><\/span>cancer <\/span><\/span>patient <\/span><\/span>care <\/span><\/span>but <\/span><\/span>also <\/span><\/span>other works on <\/span><\/span>chronic <\/span><\/span>patient <\/span><\/span>care <\/span><\/span>and other topics in vogue. today in our <\/span><\/span>country <\/span><\/span>, which I devoured in the following months and which I have kept as reference books for many <\/span><\/span>years <\/span><\/span>for my professional activity. <\/span><\/span>In the ” <\/span><\/span>Marsden <\/span><\/span>” I observed attentively, not <\/span><\/span>only <\/span><\/span>procedures and attitudes towards patients <\/span><\/span>but <\/span><\/span>above all, the way in which they took care of words in their <\/span><\/span>oral and written <\/span><\/span>expression <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>In this hospital, nurses records were very complete and it caught my <\/span><\/span>attention <\/span><\/span>not to <\/span><\/span>use the <\/span><\/span>taxonomy <\/span><\/span>diagnoses <\/span><\/span>of NANDA. <\/span><\/span>It was <\/span><\/span>there <\/span><\/span>that he <\/span><\/span>discovered <\/span><\/span>the strong position of English nurses in <\/span><\/span>relation <\/span><\/span>to a vocabulary that in his <\/span><\/span>critical <\/span><\/span>opinion <\/span><\/span>did not suit their registration needs at all, which was subsequently the reason for various publications in journals such as the <\/span><\/span>Journal <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>Advanced <\/span><\/span>Nursing <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>This fact made me reflect on something that I <\/span><\/span>had <\/span><\/span>already <\/span><\/span>observed in the <\/span><\/span>healthcare <\/span><\/span>practice <\/span><\/span>in the hospitals where I <\/span><\/span>had <\/span><\/span>worked in Barcelona: the \u201cveteran\u201d nurses (many of whom deserve the <\/span><\/span>name <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>pro-efficient <\/span><\/span>and expert <\/span><\/span>nurses <\/span><\/span>), who were my Teachers and they <\/span><\/span>accompanied <\/span><\/span>me <\/span><\/span>in the first <\/span><\/span>years <\/span><\/span>of my <\/span><\/span>incorporation <\/span><\/span>to <\/span><\/span>clinical <\/span><\/span>practice <\/span><\/span>, they objected that the <\/span><\/span>diagnoses <\/span><\/span>of the <\/span><\/span>NANDA <\/span><\/span>taxonomy <\/span><\/span>did not <\/span><\/span>allow <\/span><\/span>to really identify many of the situations that <\/span><\/span>hospitalized patients <\/span><\/span>lived <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>The history of the <\/span><\/span>dichotomization <\/span><\/span>of the debate on <\/span><\/span>diagnoses <\/span><\/span>and the opposing positions in the <\/span><\/span>application <\/span><\/span>and usefulness of the <\/span><\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>methodology <\/span><\/span>in our <\/span><\/span>country <\/span><\/span>is known; <\/span><\/span>the results to this <\/span><\/span>day <\/span><\/span>are evident.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

For a <\/span>few <\/span><\/span><\/span>years <\/span>more <\/span><\/span>Segui <\/span><\/span>working as a <\/span><\/span>clinical nurse and <\/span><\/span>clinic <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>I tried to incorporate aspects of <\/span><\/span>methodology <\/span><\/span>and language, I published a couple of <\/span><\/span>articles <\/span><\/span>in the journal <\/span><\/span>Nursing <\/span><\/span>Clinic <\/span><\/span>oriented to the <\/span><\/span>field <\/span><\/span>of care for <\/span><\/span>onco <\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>hematological <\/span><\/span>patients <\/span><\/span>in which I used concepts from the <\/span><\/span>NANDA <\/span><\/span>taxonomy <\/span><\/span>and <\/span><\/span>Marjory <\/span><\/span>Gordon’s <\/span><\/span>functional health patterns <\/span><\/span>, and <\/span><\/span>in 1996 I published a book on the <\/span><\/span>care <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>oncohematological <\/span><\/span>patients <\/span><\/span>in which I included elements of the terminology <\/span><\/span>, but continued to show a lack of <\/span><\/span>connection <\/span><\/span>between the <\/span><\/span>academic <\/span><\/span>world <\/span><\/span>and <\/span><\/span>healthcare <\/span><\/span>practice <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>I felt <\/span><\/span>that <\/span><\/span>perhaps <\/span><\/span>the problem was not <\/span><\/span>only <\/span><\/span>method <\/span><\/span>and language, but above all in the <\/span><\/span>socialization <\/span><\/span>processes <\/span><\/span>that surrounded him, and I <\/span><\/span>understood <\/span><\/span>that he <\/span><\/span>should <\/span><\/span>begin to do several things: establish strategies to promote a progressive rapprochement between the nurses’ natural language and language. discipline, learning <\/span><\/span>methodology <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>research <\/span><\/span>, further progress in developing the study of <\/span><\/span>theoretical <\/span><\/span>and optimize my skills in the use of systems <\/span><\/span>information <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

As initial strategies for approach, I observed for months how the nurses with whom I worked or <\/span>maintained <\/span>contact on various issues <\/span>presented <\/span>and expressed their reasoning and I identified that the natural language with which they expressed themselves in <\/span>practice <\/span>included an <\/span><\/span>infinity of verbs, especially in first and third person singular in all verb tenses, with a surprisingly intensive use of the imperative mood to identify what they <\/span><\/span>did <\/span><\/span>, what they <\/span><\/span>should <\/span><\/span>indicate and what they observed in the patients (\u201c <\/span><\/span>How <\/span><\/span>are you feeling today?\u201d, \u201cI’m going to talk with … “,” I must prepare … “,” he was not <\/span><\/span>moving <\/span><\/span>“,” he is crying “,” for the pump “,” suspend the <\/span><\/span>administration <\/span><\/span>“,” call the <\/span><\/span>doctor <\/span><\/span>“,” <\/span><\/span>look at <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>dressing <\/span><\/span>“) and <\/span><\/span>also <\/span><\/span>on occasions, with forms that in a certain way \u201c <\/span><\/span>alienated <\/span><\/span>\u201d the patient or <\/span><\/span>abducted him <\/span><\/span>into the <\/span><\/span>nurse-patient <\/span><\/span>dyad <\/span><\/span>(\u201clet’s calm down\u201d, \u201cfor now we shouldn’t worry\u201d, \u201cwe’ll start with a drug that ….\u201d , “We have s <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>intervention has been <\/span><\/span>suspended <\/span><\/span>\u201d). <\/span><\/span>I think that some professionals understand this type of speech as a form of <\/span><\/span>empathy <\/span><\/span>, proximity or complicity with <\/span><\/span>the patient. <\/span><\/span>Personally, I have always tried to make very limited use of this resource. <\/span><\/span>In any case, this <\/span><\/span>observation <\/span><\/span>coincided <\/span><\/span>with a very generalized traditional idea “nurses DO things”, which was reflected in the old saying of popular ideology “nurses are the <\/span><\/span>doctor’s <\/span><\/span>hands <\/span><\/span>“, as if thought and reasoning were a <\/span><\/span>medical <\/span><\/span>domain <\/span><\/span>and the <\/span><\/span>solicitous <\/span><\/span>execution <\/span><\/span>, the <\/span><\/span>reason <\/span><\/span>for being a nurse. <\/span><\/span>I understand that this phrase is part of the <\/span><\/span>historical <\/span><\/span>influence <\/span><\/span>that Medicine has exerted on <\/span><\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>practice <\/span><\/span>but I always rebelled against it, because one cannot do without observing, thinking and making decisions, cogito ergo sum, but to her I owe my <\/span><\/span>interest <\/span><\/span>and my subsequent studies on the <\/span><\/span>relationship <\/span><\/span>between <\/span><\/span>nursing professional <\/span><\/span>autonomy <\/span><\/span>, decision-making and nursing competence and <\/span><\/span>also <\/span><\/span>, the opportunity to discover the work of Patricia <\/span><\/span>Benner <\/span><\/span>on nursing competence and of the brothers <\/span><\/span>Hubert <\/span><\/span>and <\/span><\/span>Stuard <\/span><\/span>Dreyfus <\/span><\/span>, on <\/span><\/span>decision- <\/span><\/span>making. decisions, <\/span><\/span>skill <\/span><\/span>acquisition <\/span><\/span>and artificial intelligence.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

Nursing natural language <\/span>also <\/span>contains an infinity of conditions, conditional verbs and doubtful adverbs (“probably”, “it is possible”, “if everything goes well”, “if it does not improve”, ” <\/span>should <\/span>“), almost always related to <\/span>management <\/span>of the uncertainty <\/span>characteristic <\/span>of situations of illness, change or <\/span>transition <\/span>in vital situations, <\/span>also <\/span>as a way of showing respect to the person with conventions such as \u201c <\/span>could you <\/span>raise <\/span>your arm <\/span><\/span>a little <\/span><\/span><\/span>more <\/span>\u201d or \u201cwould you <\/span>mind <\/span>holding this <\/span>sheet for <\/span>a moment <\/span><\/span>\u201d and at least as a reflection of the <\/span>professional’s <\/span><\/span>indecision <\/span>in the <\/span><\/span>face <\/span><\/span><\/span>of a <\/span>new <\/span><\/span>situation <\/span>that generates insecurity.<\/span><\/p>

Nursing natural language is rich in adjectives (” <\/span>pale <\/span>“, “sad”, “moderate”, “extensive”, “serous”, “localized”, “passive”, “stable”, “inactive”, “clear”, ” solitary \u201d), which contribute to enrich the descriptions of the observations and findings, being in <\/span>most <\/span>cases a <\/span>subjective <\/span><\/span>interpretation <\/span>but of great <\/span>clinical <\/span>value <\/span><\/span>, and <\/span>also <\/span>abound in adverbs (\u201c extremely intense \u201d,\u201c progressively decreasing \u201d,\u201c near of the area \u201d,\u201c during the night \u201d), which allow <\/span>adding <\/span>circumstantial <\/span><\/span>information <\/span><\/span>in its natural or superlative way and facilitate the <\/span><\/span>evaluation <\/span><\/span>of the <\/span><\/span>evolution <\/span><\/span>of the <\/span><\/span>patients’ <\/span><\/span>situation <\/span><\/span>and the <\/span><\/span>determination <\/span><\/span>of the <\/span><\/span>achievement <\/span><\/span>of expected results.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

The <\/span>lexical <\/span>elements <\/span><\/span>, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs are used in an extremely common way, but what about nouns? <\/span>… Over the <\/span><\/span><\/span>years <\/span>, I realized <\/span>that <\/span>the <\/span>naming <\/span>of <\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>phenomena <\/span>had <\/span><\/span>been one of the main reasons for the <\/span><\/span>disciplinary <\/span><\/span>theoretical <\/span><\/span>development <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>recent <\/span><\/span>decades <\/span><\/span>, initially linked to the attempt to build the <\/span><\/span>identity and <\/span><\/span>professional <\/span><\/span>autonomy of the <\/span><\/span>nurse and differentiate it from medicine . <\/span><\/span>Language is one of the cornerstones on which the <\/span><\/span>social <\/span><\/span>construction <\/span><\/span>of a discipline is based and not <\/span><\/span>only <\/span><\/span>has the <\/span><\/span>practical <\/span><\/span>effect <\/span><\/span>of facilitating the <\/span><\/span>identification <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>phenomena <\/span><\/span>and <\/span><\/span>interprofessional <\/span><\/span>communication <\/span><\/span>, but it <\/span><\/span>also <\/span><\/span>has important connotations at an <\/span><\/span>ethical <\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>political <\/span><\/span>and <\/span><\/span>economic level. <\/span><\/span>; <\/span><\/span>It is a double-edged sword since it is the <\/span><\/span>formal <\/span><\/span>representation <\/span><\/span>of knowledge and, at the other extreme, its ignorance <\/span><\/span>places <\/span><\/span>the individual (or the group) in ignorance. <\/span><\/span>But in <\/span><\/span>addition <\/span><\/span>, disciplinary language has the <\/span><\/span>socio <\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>political <\/span><\/span>function <\/span><\/span>of presenting what is important, what is <\/span><\/span>ethically <\/span><\/span>correct in <\/span><\/span>practice <\/span><\/span>and <\/span><\/span>consequently, of making visible what one is and does.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

For <\/span>years <\/span>, different sectors of <\/span>nursing <\/span>have fiercely advocated avoiding the use of <\/span>medical <\/span>concepts <\/span><\/span>in nursing language. <\/span>Professionally and personally I have never shared this <\/span><\/span><\/span>opinion <\/span>. <\/span>The history of modern medicine <\/span><\/span><\/span>contemporanea <\/span>has been nurtured and greatly enriched concepts from other branches of knowledge such as <\/span>chemistry <\/span>, the <\/span>mathematics <\/span>, the <\/span>economy <\/span>, law, <\/span>biology <\/span>, the <\/span>physical <\/span>or <\/span>psychology <\/span>and this has not subtracted <\/span>any <\/span>value On the <\/span>contrary, <\/span>it has allowed it to grow and advance enormously. <\/span>If nurses can, and as <\/span><\/span><\/span>Nightingale <\/span>asserted, <\/span><\/span>\u201cwe must\u201d incorporate <\/span>statistical <\/span>knowledge and language <\/span><\/span>, why <\/span>should <\/span>n’t <\/span><\/span>we be <\/span><\/span><\/span>able to incorporate (or recover) aspects of <\/span>medical <\/span>language <\/span><\/span>, as part that contributes to developing our knowledge? <\/span>The <\/span><\/span><\/span>phenomena <\/span>themselves are not the exclusive property of any discipline; <\/span>They are human or environmental elements and each discipline focuses on them, studies them and develops them from its <\/span><\/span><\/span>perspective <\/span>and with its <\/span>methods <\/span>, in some cases sharing the <\/span>name <\/span>, in others attributing a <\/span>specific <\/span><\/span>term <\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Or is it that we nurses do not use <\/span><\/span>terms <\/span><\/span>and concepts from <\/span><\/span>mathematics <\/span><\/span>or <\/span><\/span>physics <\/span><\/span>, when regulating an <\/span><\/span>intravenous <\/span><\/span>infusion <\/span><\/span>, from <\/span><\/span>chemistry <\/span><\/span>, when considering the <\/span><\/span>prescription <\/span><\/span>of the <\/span><\/span>most <\/span><\/span>appropriate <\/span><\/span>diet <\/span><\/span>for the <\/span><\/span>patient’s <\/span><\/span>situation <\/span><\/span>, or from <\/span><\/span>philosophy <\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>sociology <\/span><\/span>and <\/span><\/span>theology <\/span><\/span>when we help a sick person to express his spiritual suffering?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

One of the first things I <\/span>learned <\/span>about <\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>diagnoses <\/span>, which <\/span>was <\/span><\/span>also <\/span>clearly stated in the works on the subject, is that the <\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>diagnosis <\/span>should <\/span><\/span>not <\/span>be <\/span>used to describe or attempt to substitute a <\/span>medical <\/span><\/span>diagnosis <\/span>. <\/span><\/span>The nursing literature of <\/span><\/span>recent <\/span><\/span>years <\/span><\/span>is full of examples of an incorrect use of the <\/span><\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>diagnosis <\/span><\/span>in this sense. <\/span><\/span>One will never <\/span><\/span>replace <\/span><\/span>the other. <\/span><\/span>There are two complementary judgments, one aimed at the <\/span><\/span>precise <\/span><\/span>identification <\/span><\/span>of the disease from the <\/span><\/span>field <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>medical <\/span><\/span>knowledge <\/span><\/span>, the other aimed at <\/span><\/span>determining <\/span><\/span>the different health states and their consequences from the wealth of nursing knowledge. <\/span><\/span>And it is from this <\/span><\/span>symmetry <\/span><\/span>of both knowledge, despite the <\/span><\/span>historical <\/span><\/span>disadvantages <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>nursing <\/span><\/span>, that the people we intend to help, one and the other, can really benefit in <\/span><\/span>terms <\/span><\/span>of health outcomes and <\/span><\/span>autonomy <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>I do not share the <\/span><\/span>warlike <\/span><\/span>positions <\/span><\/span>of some <\/span><\/span>doctors <\/span><\/span>and nurses. <\/span><\/span>There are many <\/span><\/span>lexical <\/span><\/span>elements <\/span><\/span>that Medicine offers to human knowledge and <\/span><\/span>also <\/span><\/span>many concepts that <\/span><\/span>Nursing <\/span><\/span>has developed and contribute to the growth of other disciplines, <\/span><\/span>see <\/span><\/span>if not, for example, the current language used by social workers; <\/span><\/span>The jargon of social and health well-being is full of constructs that the nursing discipline generated almost a century ago: <\/span><\/span>autonomy <\/span><\/span>, self-care, responsibility for the health and well-being of people and the community are constructs that already appear in the works of Bertha <\/span><\/span>Harmer <\/span><\/span>from 1922 Likewise, the origin of some of these concepts is previously linked to other humanistic disciplines such as <\/span><\/span>philosophy <\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>ethics <\/span><\/span>or law.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

The <\/span>observation <\/span>of nursing natural language and the study of controlled vocabularies were, for <\/span>years <\/span>, the sources of <\/span>inspiration <\/span>for <\/span>many <\/span>works that I carried out and that contributed to progressively introduce <\/span>small <\/span>changes in the nursing records and in <\/span>interprofessional <\/span><\/span>communication <\/span>and that finally, <\/span>would allow <\/span>the <\/span>creation <\/span>of this <\/span>approximation <\/span>language <\/span><\/span>. <\/span>Not become aware of its potential as <\/span><\/span><\/span>terminology <\/span>of <\/span>interface <\/span>until some time <\/span>later <\/span>, when the then director of <\/span>nursing <\/span>of <\/span>Ciutat <\/span>Sanitaria i Universitaria de <\/span>Bellvitge <\/span>(Montserrat Artigas) proposed me to <\/span>work in the ” <\/span><\/span><\/span>Computerization <\/span>of care plans”. <\/span>I must admit that the various failures to help develop and implement a system of <\/span><\/span><\/span>information <\/span>nurse based care plans between the <\/span>years <\/span>1997 and 2001 and <\/span>incomprehension <\/span>that <\/span>perceived <\/span>in the value of developing and assign the use of this vocabulary, front to the <\/span>hegemony <\/span>of the doctrine of the American nursing vocabularies, they slowed down their progress. <\/span>Sometimes I thought that <\/span><\/span><\/span>only <\/span>Montse Artigas and few people <\/span>more <\/span>understand what he was <\/span>trying to <\/span>do and where the boundary between my work was placed in the hospital for the <\/span><\/span><\/span>elaboration <\/span>of plans of care and my personal work, developing and bringing this vocabulary. <\/span>A part of the <\/span><\/span><\/span>ATIC <\/span><\/span>terminology <\/span>was used as the basis for the data model of that project to <\/span>computerize <\/span>care plans, first linked to an application prototype developed by the company Andersen <\/span>Consulting <\/span>; <\/span>after <\/span>the development of an <\/span>application <\/span>computer science <\/span><\/span>by the company <\/span><\/span>Centrisa <\/span><\/span>and finally, between 1998 and 2001, the <\/span><\/span>expansion <\/span><\/span>of software history <\/span><\/span>clinical <\/span><\/span>OMI-AH of the <\/span><\/span>company <\/span><\/span>STACKS-CIS, for the <\/span><\/span>incorporation <\/span><\/span>of nursing care. <\/span><\/span>The structure of this data model, based on <\/span><\/span>complexity <\/span><\/span>theory <\/span><\/span>, was published in the <\/span><\/span>Spanish <\/span><\/span>edition <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>Nursing <\/span><\/span>in 2005. A short time <\/span><\/span>later, I <\/span><\/span>would have <\/span><\/span>the opportunity to assign the use of <\/span><\/span>ATIC <\/span><\/span>terminology <\/span><\/span>for the development of the ARES program for <\/span><\/span>harmonization <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>standards. <\/span><\/span>of care and the project to <\/span><\/span>computerize <\/span><\/span>the <\/span><\/span>clinical <\/span><\/span>history <\/span><\/span>of the <\/span><\/span>Institut <\/span><\/span>Catala <\/span><\/span>\u0300 de la <\/span><\/span>Salut <\/span><\/span>hospitals <\/span><\/span>, as mentioned in other sections of this thesis.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

Mainly There were two <\/span>doctors <\/span>that I <\/span>taught <\/span>during the <\/span>years <\/span>90, the <\/span>methods <\/span>of <\/span>investigation <\/span>quantitative and there <\/span>were two nurses who introduced me in 2003 in the <\/span><\/span><\/span>research <\/span>qualitative. <\/span>Subsequently, I was expanding my <\/span><\/span><\/span>methodological <\/span><\/span>training <\/span>with the exercise of different <\/span><\/span>research <\/span><\/span>projects <\/span><\/span>, publications and the <\/span><\/span>completion <\/span><\/span>of an <\/span><\/span>official <\/span><\/span>master’s degree <\/span><\/span>to doctoral studies. <\/span><\/span>Largely, it <\/span><\/span>was this <\/span><\/span>training <\/span><\/span>in <\/span><\/span>methodology <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>research <\/span><\/span>which I <\/span><\/span>allowed to <\/span><\/span>advance the development of <\/span><\/span>terminology <\/span><\/span>by using formal procedures of <\/span><\/span>search <\/span><\/span>bibliografica <\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>techniques <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>analysis <\/span><\/span>of concepts or <\/span><\/span>methods <\/span><\/span>of <\/span><\/span>systematization <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

My work as a primary care nurse and manager in <\/span>recent <\/span>years <\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>as <\/span><\/span>well <\/span><\/span>as my own personal life story, has allowed me to dedicate a <\/span><\/span>limited <\/span><\/span>but constant time to this <\/span><\/span>terminology <\/span><\/span>development project <\/span><\/span>, for this reason this process of <\/span><\/span>evaluating <\/span><\/span>its validity sees the light before the <\/span><\/span>publication <\/span><\/span>of the essay itself on the <\/span><\/span>construction <\/span><\/span>and content of <\/span><\/span>ATIC <\/span><\/span>terminology <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>“<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

Since the publication of this text, a <\/span>decade <\/span>has passed <\/span><\/span>in which <\/span>I have continued with <\/span>terminological <\/span>developments <\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>I have introduced novelties in all axes, I have strengthened the system of indicators and the data exploitation model for the management of care provision and I have carried out multiple research works, introducing a <\/span>new classification of diagnostic typologies <\/span><\/span><\/a>, the development of <\/span>new <\/span>ontologies <\/span><\/span>to further facilitate the use of language in practice <\/span>and the circular and iterative representation of the care provision process <\/span>, the development of algorithms of screening and early detection of complications <\/span>and validation of a <\/span>patient classification system <\/span><\/span>according to the <\/span><\/span>intensity of nursing care required <\/span><\/span>based on the main nursing diagnosis <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

History “To better understand a work is recommende n possible information about e l author and his \/ her context .” \u00a0 Note : The text reproduced below was published as an annex to the author’s doctoral thesis in 2012. \u00a0 ” The reasons that led the author to the construction of the terminology of<\/p>\n